Vehicle power-steering mechanism



March Z5, 1958 G. BRAND VEHICLE POWER-STEERING MEcHANIsM 2 sheets-sheet 1 Filed April 6. 1954 BY I l 'MWMs/Mggw 11V. l IIIMBL all L I/l March 25, 1958 G. BRAND 2,827,975

VEHICLE POWER-STEERING MECHANISM Filed Apr-i116, 1954 v 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Flc. 2.1

, INVENTOR 'lezz rdnd ATTORNEYS rates Gien Brand, Umaha, Nebr., assgnor to Lion Products Company, maha, Nebt., a corporation of Nebraska Application April 6, 1954, Serial No. 421,291 s claims. (C1. 18o-79.2)

rEhis invention relates to hydraulic power-steering mechanisms for vehicles, and more particularly to improvements in control-valve and power-cylinder arrangements of such mechanisms.

While hydraulic power-steering mechanisms for vehicles are well known, the valve arrangementsifor such mechanisms are usually relatively complicated and involve a multiplicity of parts, with consequent increases in costs of manufacture, installation, and maintenance. Furthermore, the power cylinders utilized in known power-steering mechanisms are usually in the form of a unit that is completely separate from and independent of the vehicle.

Accordingly, it ,is an object of thisinvention to provide an improved power-steering mechanism Vwherein the control valve is located immediately adjacent the steering wheel of the vehicle and is connected directly thereto for operation directly thereby. j

It is another object of this invention to provide an improved power cylinder arrangement for a power-steering mechanism wherein the piston rod of such `cylinder constitutes an integral part of the vehicle and serves a dual function, ipe., both as a piston rofl and as an essential structural part of the vehicle; 1

It is another object of this invention L provide an irnproved power-steering mechanism for a Vehicle that can be readily attached to an ordinary vehicle with a minimum of installation time and expense. y

It Ais a furtherobject of this invention to provide an improved power-steering mechanism for a vehicle that can be manufactured, installed, and maintained at a minimum of'expense, and which when installed takes up a minimum of space on the vehicle.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the 'following description and accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l is a perspective view showing the installation of a power-steering mechanism embodying this invention on a tractor.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of a control valve embodying this invention installed on the vehicle.

vFigure 3 is an enlarged perspective View ofthe steering post adapter element shown in Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a schematic view of the hydraulic system of the power-steering mechanism embodying this invention.

Referring now to Figure l, there is shown power-steering mechanism embodying this invention installed on a tractor. The tractor has a conventional steering column or housing `within which a steering shaft 12 (Figure 2) is journalled for-operation by a conventional steering wheel t4. The-steering shaft 12, at its lower end, terminates in a housing i6 androperates conventional worm and gear means (not shown) therein to impart oscillating movements to a steering arm or crank 18. Connected to the steering arm is .-a drag link v20 which operates a vsteering lever 22.

i ,arent The tractor illustrated in the drawings has a transverse front axle 24 that supports the `tractor body or frame 26 `only at the center of the axle, so that the projecting ends 28 of the latter need to bestabilized against drag forces thereon. ln` conventional tractors of the type illustrated in Figure l, the front axle 24 is stabilized by braces (not shown), one on each side of the tractor, each having its forward end connected to the corresponding projecting end 2S of the axle and its rearward end pivotally connected to a rear portion of the tractor body 26.

In a power-steering mechanism embodying the present invention, the aforementionedybrace on that side of the tractor where the drag link 20 is located is replaced by or formed as a piston rod 30. The forward end of the rod 30 is secured to a clevis 32 which straddles and is secured to the projecting end 23 of the front axle 24. The rear end of the piston rod 30 is pivotally connected to a bracket element 34 that is fastened, as by cap screws 36, to the side of the tractor body or frame 26. Thus, the piston rod 30 serves as a brace for one projecting end 28 of the front axle 24, as well as being an element of power-steering mechanism, as now vdescribed.` Intermediate its ends, the piston rod 30 has a piston 38 iixed thereon. Slidable on the piston rod 36 and enclosing the piston 38 is a cylinder 40 having liexible conduits 42 and 44 connected thereto for admitting fluid pressure to and exhausting iiuid pressure from the cylinder on opposite sides of the piston to effect corresponding movements of the cylinder on the rod. Movement of the cylinder 40 is transmitted to the drag link 20 to steer the tractor by arlink 46 having one end thereof pivotally connected to a clamp 43 secured to the cylinder and the other end thereof pivotally connected to a clamp 50 secured to the drag link.

The flexible conduits 42 and 44 extend from the power cylinder 40 to a control valve 52 that is mounted coaxially on the steering column 1t) and directly operated by steering movements of the steering wheel 14 to control the admission and exhaust of pressure iluid to and from the power cylinder 40 to effect movements thereof that will steer the vehicle in accordance with the dictates of steering movements of the steering wheel.

Referring now to Figure 2, it will be seen that the con- .trol valve 52 is of the spool type having a tubular casing `54 and a tubular valve spool 56 reciprocable therein.-

yment between an adapter ring and the housing. The interior of the valve casing 54 is provided with a pair of axially-spaced lcircumferential grooves 62 and 64. A radial casing port 6.6 for the supply of fluid under pressure from an appropriate source is located substantially midway between these casing grooves 62 and 64, while the flexible conduits 42 and 44 leading to the power cylinder 40 are connected respectively to radial casing ports 68 and 70 opening to the bottom of the grooves 62 and 64, respectively. The valve spool 56 has a pair of axiallyspaced lands 72 and 74 thereon opposed to the casing grooves 62 and 64, respectively, but narrower than the latter, to provide four variable annular Huid restrictions 76, 78, 80, and 82 between the side edges of the lands and the corresponding edges of the grooves. When the valve spool 56 is in the neutral position shown in Figure 2, all of the restrictions 76, 78, 80, and 82 are of equal value. Above the casing groove 62 is a radial casing port 84 for return flow of pressure fluid, as later described, The valve spoolis-provided with oneorrmore longitudinal passageways 86 which at their upper endsvopen to the surface of the spool above the upper land 72, and at their lower ends open tothe surface of the spool below the lower land 74. A

Pressure fluid is supplied to the casing port 66 via a flexibleconduit 8S which maybe connected to any-appro'- priate source of fluid -under pressure, such as apurnp 90 supplied-with uid from a sumpV 92, as shown in Figure 4, while the Vreturn flow casing port 84 is rconnected tothe sump via` a vilexible yconduit 94. On the Vdischarge side of the pump 90, a pressure relief Valve 96 may be connected between the conduits A88 and 94'and adjusted to open ata predetermined pressure. Y Y

VAt its lower end the valve spool 56 is counterbored, as at l98, to freely telescopingly receive the upper end'of the steeringhousing 10, and at its-upper :end the valve spool projects upwardly beyond the valve casing 54. The opposite ends of the valve-'52'are sealed against -leakage Vby i A O-rings 100 disposed in interior circumferential grooves Vin the valve casing 54 and engaging against end lands`102 on the valve spool 56.

in corresponding grooves. l-nterposed between the upper sp'lit'ring'104 and the upper end of the lcasing 54 is a coil compression spring 106, while Va like Vspring 108 fis interposed between the lower ysplitring 1M-and a shoulder 110V at=the bottom of the casing counterbore 58. These springs 106 and 108-substantially balance-the valve spool Q56 against movement frornthevneutral position shown in Figure 2,-wherein the lands 72 and 74 on the valve lspool substantially equally underlap their'corresponding casing grooves62 and 64, so that allv the lluidrestrictions 76,78, 80, and 82 arerofequa'l value. v j

From the construction shown thus far, it will be seen that hydraulic iluid suppliedV to the casingV gport 66 is divided into two paths ofow through the-valve'SZ tothe return flow port 84. One flow path includes the restriction 78, the groove 62, and the restriction 76, `and the iother tlow path includes the Vrestriction 80, the groove 64, the restriction 82,.ar1d the passageways 86.-V It thus will lbe seen that, when the valve -is in the neutral position shown in Figure 2, incoming pressure luidis divided substan-V tially equally between the two aforementioned flow paths so that the pressure in the two grooves 62-and y64 are substantially the same. Thus,the pressures inthe two `iiexible conduits 42, and .44, .and"consequentl.ylin the cylinder'it) onopposite sides VAof the piston '38, vare substantially equal.

Hence, the :cylinder .40 :remains stationary on the pistoni Y rod ,30. .Y n

Itzwill be seen, however, that if the spool -56 lis moved axially relativejto the casing'Sd, the aforementioned iiuid restrictions l76, 78, Si), 'and 82 will be varied in a manner so that the vpressures in the grooves J62 and 64, .and consequently onoppositesides of the piston 38'in thecylinder 40, will be different; Thus, for example, if .the spool 56 isrmoved-up relative to the casing 54, the fluid restriction 76 willbe increased andthe restriction 7S willbe decreased,

while the ilu'id restriction 8? will be increased Vandthe restriction 82 will 'be'.decreased. Thus, the ,pressure'of the Yiluid in ,theV ,groove 62jwillincrease, while 'the .pressure of the fluid in the groove :64 will decrease, thus .eifecting dierental pressures in the .cylinder 4% on .opposite sides of the piston-38 so thatthe cylinder will move on the piston yrocl 3ti,and, consequently, move the'drag :link 28.

Axial shifting ofthe spool 56 relativetothe lcasingll and :rigidly fixed on-the steering post `1,12by thernut1-14 and -a key '116 is what maybe -termed a fsteering (shaft adapter yGHS- which consists of abushin'g-like member hav-VV At `vits opposite 'ends the valve spool 56 is provided with exterior split rings 104 engaged Y have `been fully and effectively accomplished. It will be position.

Ying a cylindrical exterior surface provided with one Yor Y more relatively-short helical cam grooves 120 (Figure 3).

Extending into the cam groove V120 fromV the valve spool 56 is acam groove follower 122 in the form of a dogpoint set screw. Threaded into` theV upper end of the valve spool 56 and secured against rotation relative there# to by a key 124 is Va steering Vwheel adapter 126 having a tapered upwardly-projecting post 128 for the reception of the hub 130 of the steering'wheel 14 that is rigidly secured to the adapter 126 by a cap nut 132 and a key 134.

lt 'thus will be seen that rotation of the valve spool 56 Vin accordance Vwith 'the steering movements of the steering wheel .14 shifts the spoolaxially relative to the valve casing 5,4, because of the interengagement of the vcam follower 122 Yandthe cam groove 120, to thus effect dii'l'erential pressures in the cylinder 40 on'opposite sides of the piston 38,which diiferential pressures will cause the cylinder to move and thereby move the drag linkA in a direction icorresponding to that of the steering movements of the steering wheel. The construction also embodies a follow-up mechanism, in that, when the steering wheel 14.is moved through a given arc, after the drag link '28 moves a corresponding distance it will stop because the movement of the latter effects a corresponding movement o'f the steering post 112 which, by the interengagement ofthe cam follower V122 with the cam groove 120, shifts the valve spool 56 axially back to its neutral Accordingly, the power cylinder andthe drag link 20'move only through a distancerdictated by a corresponding movement of the steering wheely 14.

It thus will b e seen Vthat the 'objects of this invention g realized, however,thatthe specific embodiment shown and described `for the purpose of illustrating the Aprinciples of this invention `is subjectto change without departure from such principles. Therefore, vthis invention includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit and scope of the following claims.

I claim: Y

V1. In a .vehicle power-steering mechanism Vthe combination comprising; a vehicle frame; an axle secured thereto-and yprojecting from opposite sides thereof; a drag linkextending` generally longitudinally of said frame; a piston Vrod extending between and connected to Vsaid frame at a location thereon spaced longitudinallyvfrom Vsaid axle `and to 1a projecting portion of said axle andY Y serving as aV brace for'the jlatter; a piston on -said rod between A the ,ends thereof; avpower cylinder Vslidable on saidrod.andenclnsingsaid piston; means for introducing Yfluid underv pressure'` into said cylinder ong-opposite sides of said piston; and a connection between said cylinder and saiddrag link for moving the latter by'movement ofV said cylinder. Y

2. In'a vehicle power-steering mechanism the combination comprising: a vehicle frame; 'a steering shaft mounted onV said frame against axial movement; means movable by said shaft for steering the vehicle; a'power Y in accordance withpthe ymovements of the steering wheell Y cylinder member; a piston therein; a piston rod member projecting from said cylinder; one of said members being connected to said frame and the Aother to said movable steering means;- a spool valve coaxial with Vand adjacent the steerable 'end of Vsaid shaft' for controlling v the ad- Vmission andfexhaust of pressure uid toand from said cylinder on opposite sides of said piston, said-,valve having a casing element and aV hollow valve spool element reciprocable thereinand enclosing said `shaft end; meansVV within Asaid' valve fdetachably connecting said spool element to said vshaft for yrelative axial movement therebetween fon relative rotary movement therebetween;

means detachably and rigidly Yconnecting saidY casingelef. Yment fto Vsaid frame; and va steering'wheel coaxially sef 'cured `to said, spool element.Y

v3f-"flue structure defined in claim YZQ-includingr an axle secured `to the Vframe and projecting 'fromY opposite sides thereof, and in which the piston rod member projects from both ends of the cylinder and has one end secured to the frame at a point thereon spaced longitudinally from said axle and the other end to a projecting portion of said axle for bracing the latter, and the cylinder memher is connected to the movable steering means.

4. In a vehicle power-steering mechanism having a power cylinder and a manually-operable steering shaft fixed against axial movement, the combination comprising: a spool valve coaxial with and adjacent the steerable end of said shaft for controlling the admission and exhaust of pressure liuid to and from the power cylinder, said valve having a casing element and a reciprocable hollow valve spool element therein enclosing said shaft end; means within said valve detachably connecting said spool element to said shaft for relative axial movement on relative rotary movement; means detachably and rigidly connecting said casing element to the vehicle frame; and a steering Wheel coaxially secured to said spool element.

5. The structure defined in claim 4 including resilient means engaging the elements urging the one element into a neutral position relative to the other element.

6. In a vehicle power-steering mechanism having a power cylinder, a steering housing, and a steering shaft therein terminating in a steering post projecting out of the housing, the combination comprising: a spool valve coaxial with the post for controlling the admission and exhaust of pressure fluid to and from the cylinder, said valve having a casing and a hollow reciprocable valve spool therein enclosing the steering post; means rigidly secured to the post and having an exterior helical cam groove therein; a cam groove follower secured to said spool and projecting radially inwardly thereof into said groove; means detachably and rigidly connecting said casing to the housing; and a steering wheel coaxially and detachably secured to said spool.

7. A power-steering mechanism control valve attachment for a vehicle having a steering housing and a steering post projecting from one end thereof, comprising: a ported tubular valve casing; means for rigidly and detachably securing one end of said casing to the steering housing one end; a tubular valve spool reciprocable in said casing and adapted to enclose the post; a steering post adapter securable to the post and having an exterior helical cam groove; a cam groove follower projecting radially inwardly from said spool and into said groove; and a steering Wheel adapter coaxially secured to one end of said spool.

8. The structure defined in claim 7 including resilient means engaged with the casing and spool for urging the latter into a neutral position in the former.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 729,737 Collins June 2, 1903 1,570,097 Sumner et al. Jan. 19, 1926 1,657,412 Schneider Jan. 24, 1928 1,926,692 Tarbox Sept. 12, 1933 2,151,998 Stelzer Mar. 28, 1939 2,213,271 Davis Sept. 3, 1940 2,334,918 French Nov. 23, 1943 2,368,135 Hamill s Jan. 30, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS 866,179 France June 27, 1941 

